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2025年1月3日金曜日
Nagasaki Automic Bomb Museum
UNITED STATES MARINES START TRANSFER FROM NAHA OKINAWA IN JAPAN TO GUAM UNDER PLAN AGREED 12 YEARS AGO - TOKYO JAPAN
UNITED STATES MARINES START TRANSFER FROM NAHA OKINAWA IN JAPAN TO GUAM UNDER PLAN AGREED 12 YEARS AGO - TOKYO JAPAN
TOKYO
The partial transfer of U.S. Marines from Okinawa to Guam began on Saturday, 12 years after Japan and the United States agreed on their realignment to reduce the heavy burden of American troop presence on the southern Japanese island, officials said.
The relocation started with 100 members of III Marine Expeditionary Force stationed on Okinawa moving to the Pacific island for the initial logistical work, the U.S. Marine Corps and Japan’s Defense Ministry said in a joint statement.
Under the plan agreed between Tokyo and Washington in April 2012, about 9,000 of the 19,000 Marines currently stationed on Okinawa are to be moved out of Okinawa, including about 4,000 of them to be moved to Guam in phases. Details, including the size and timing of the next transfer, were not immediately released.
The Marine Corps is committed to the defense of Japan and meeting operational requirements to maintain a free and open Indo-Pacific, and it will maintain presence in the region “through a combination of stationing and rotating Marines in Japan, Guam and Hawaii,” the joint statement said.
Japan has paid up to $2.8 billion for the building of infrastructure at the U.S. bases on Guam, and the U.S. government will fund the remaining costs. The two governments will continue to cooperate on the development of Camp Blaz, which will serve as the main installation for Marines stationed in Guam.
The Marines and Japan Self Defense Forces will conduct joint training in Guam, the statement said.
Okinawa, which was under U.S. postwar occupation until 1972, is still home to a majority of the more than 50,000 American troops based in Japan under a bilateral security pact, while 70% of U.S. military facilities are on Okinawa, which accounts for only 0.6% of Japanese land.
Many Okinawans have long complained about the heavy U.S. military presence on the island, and say Okinawa faces noise, pollution, aircraft accidents and crime related to American troops.
The relocation is likely to be welcomed by local residents, but how much improvement they will feel is uncertain because of the rapid Japanese military buildup on Okinawan islands as a deterrence to threats from China.
The start of the Marines relocation comes at a time of growing anti-U.S. military sentiment following a series of sexual assault cases involving American servicemembers.
On Thursday, a senior Air Force servicemember belonging to the Kadena Air Base was convicted of the kidnapping and sexual assault of a teenage girl last year, a case that triggered outrage on the island. The Naha District Court sentenced him to five years in prison.
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2025年1月2日木曜日
JAPANESE RESEARCHERS TEST PIONEERING DRUG TO REGROW TEETH - TOKYO JAPAN
JAPANESE RESEARCHERS TEST PIONEERING DRUG TO REGROW TEETH - TOKYO JAPAN
TOKYO
People with missing teeth may be able to grow new ones, say Japanese dentists testing a pioneering drug they hope will offer an alternative to dentures and implants.
Unlike reptiles and fish, which usually replace their fangs on a regular basis, it is widely accepted that humans and most other mammals only grow two sets of teeth.
But hidden underneath our gums are the dormant buds of a third generation, according to Katsu Takahashi, head of oral surgery at the Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital in Osaka.
His team launched clinical trials at Kyoto University Hospital in October, administering an experimental medicine to adult test subjects that they say has the potential to jumpstart the growth of these concealed teeth.
It's a technology "completely new" to the world, Takahashi told AFP.
Prosthetic treatments used for teeth lost to decay, disease or injury are often seen as costly and invasive.
So "restoring natural teeth definitely has its advantages", said Takahashi, the project's lead researcher.
Tests on mice and ferrets suggest that blocking a protein called USAG-1 can awaken the third set, and the researchers have published lab photographs of regrown animal teeth.
In a study published last year, the team said their "antibody treatment in mice is effective for tooth regeneration and can be a breakthrough in treating tooth anomalies in humans".
For now, the dentists are prioritizing the "dire" needs of patients with six or more permanent teeth missing from birth.
The hereditary condition is said to affect around 0.1 percent of people, who can have severe trouble chewing, and in Japan often spend most of their adolescence wearing a face mask to hide the wide gaps in their mouth, Takahashi said.
"This drug could be a game-changer for them," he added.
The drug is therefore aimed primarily at children, and the researchers want to make it available as early as 2030.
Angray Kang, a dentistry professor at Queen Mary University of London, only knows of one other team pursuing a similar objective of using antibodies to regrow or repair teeth.
"I would say that the Takahashi group is leading the way," the immunotechnology expert, who is not connected to the Japanese research, told AFP.
Takahashi's work is "exciting and worth pursuing", Kang said, in part because an antibody drug that targets a protein nearly identical to USAG-1 is already being used to treat osteoporosis.
"The race to regenerate human teeth is not a short sprint, but by analogy a set of back-to-back consecutive ultra-marathons," he said. "This is only the beginning."
Chengfei Zhang, a clinical professor in endodontics at the University of Hong Kong, said Takahashi's method is "innovative and holds potential".
"The assertion that humans possess latent tooth buds capable of producing a third set of teeth is both revolutionary and controversial," he told AFP.
He also cautioned that "outcomes observed in animals do not always directly translate to humans".
The results of the animal experiments raise "questions about whether regenerated teeth could functionally and aesthetically replace missing teeth", Zhang added.
A confident Takahashi argues that the location of a new tooth in a mouth can be controlled, if not pinpointed, by the drug injection site.
And if it grows in the wrong place, it can be moved through orthodontics or transplantation, he said.
No young patients with the congenital disorder are taking part in the first clinical trial, as the main objective is to test the drug's safety, rather than its effectiveness.
So for now, the participants are healthy adults who have lost at least one existing tooth.
And while tooth regeneration is not the express goal of the trial this time around, there is a slim chance that it could happen to subjects anyway, Takahashi said.
If so, the researchers will have confirmed that the drug can be effective for those with acquired toothlessness -- which would be a medical triumph.
"I would be over the moon if that happens," Takahashi said.
This could be particularly welcome news in Japan, which has the second-oldest population in the world.
Health ministry data shows more than 90 percent of people aged 75 or older in Japan have at least one tooth missing.
"Expectations are high that our technology can directly extend their healthy life expectancy," Takahashi said.
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2025年1月1日水曜日
VISITORS TO 2025 OSAKA JAPAN EXPO TO GET TASTE OF JAPAN'S CUSTOM OF BOWING - OSAKA JAPAN
VISITORS TO 2025 OSAKA JAPAN EXPO TO GET TASTE OF JAPAN'S CUSTOM OF BOWING - OSAKA JAPAN
OSAKA
When visitors come to the World Expo in Osaka next year, guides for the global event will welcome them with the Japanese customary greeting of a bow.
Training began for those wishing to be Expo guides in October, and among the things on the curriculum are the three styles of bowing, a gesture in Japan to show respect, express gratitude or apologize.
Guides are taught to tilt their body forward from the waist by around 15 degrees when replying, "Certainly." But when they say, "Please visit us again," they are supposed to bend around 30 degrees from the waist. For an apology, the guides should lower their body forward so it is at 45 degrees from the waist.
The training period lasts from 10 to 20 days and is being taught by Ikuko Yokota, an official of Tokyo-based event planning firm Tsp Taiyo Inc. She has been in charge of training staff at Japan pavilions since the 1992 Expo in Seville, Spain.
"Customer service that makes the most of Japanese qualities such as modesty is highly appreciated even overseas," she said.
During a lesson in late November at a conference room in Osaka, around 130 potential guides were taught how to convey 10 commonly used expressions in Japanese, English and sign language.
Around 1,000 guides are expected to attend to visitors during the Expo, running from April 13 to Oct 13 next year on Yumeshima, an artificial island in Osaka Bay. Their main responsibilities will be giving directions around the venue and responding to cases such as dealing with a lost child.
The hourly wage of 1,850 yen has proved attractive, with the job application ratio at more than 28 to one.
Kanako Ura is among those who have been accepted. She said she applied for the job after learning about her family's past involvement in the Expo. Her grandfather and mother staged a demonstration of iaido -- a Japanese martial art-- at the 1970 Osaka Expo.
The Osaka resident acknowledged the difficulty of using different bowing gestures depending on the situation but said she hopes to get by. "I want to be able to connect with visitors," she said.
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